ភ្នំគូលែន៖ ភាពខុសគ្នារវាងកំណែនានា
ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានលុបចោល ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានសរសេរបន្ថែម
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បន្ទាត់ទី១៖
'''ភ្នំគូលេន'''ស្ថិតនៅក្នុង[[ស្រុកស្វាយលើ]] និង[[ស្រុកវ៉ារិន]] ចំងាយ ៦០គីឡូម៉ែត្រពី[[ក្រុងសៀមរាប]] និងប្រហែល ២៥គីឡូម៉ែត្រពី[[ប្រាសាទបន្ទាយស្រី]]។ ភ្នំគូលេនមានឈ្មោះដើមថា '''មហិន្រ្ទព៌ត''' ជាកន្លែងដែលព្រះបាទជ័យវរ្ម័នទី២ ប្រារព្ធធ្វើពិធីទេវរាជ និងប្រកាសឯករាជ្យពីប្រទេសជ្វាក្នុងឆ្នាំ៨០២ ដែលជាពេលដែលសម័យអង្គរកើតឡើង។ ភ្នំនេះជាទីក្រុងរបស់ចក្រខ្មែរ (អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ)ដំបូងគេជិតកន្លះសតវត្សមុនពេលប្តូរទៅហិហរាល័យ ដែលឥឡូងនេះហៅថា'''រលួស'''។ មានប្រាសាទប្រហែល ២០ ត្រូវបានរកឃើញនៅលើភ្នំនេះ។
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Phnom Kulen
| photo = Phnom Kulen8.JPG
| photo_caption = Phnom Kulen appears as a long, continuous silhouette in the background
| photo_size = 250
| elevation_m = 487
| elevation_ref =
| prominence =
| map = Cambodia
| map_caption = Location of Phnom Kulen in Cambodia
| map_size = 250
| label_position = left
| location = [[Cambodia]]
| range =
| lat_d = 13 | lat_m = 36 | lat_s = 46 | lat_NS = N
| long_d = 104 | long_m = 06 | long_s = 45 | long_EW = E
| region = KH
| coordinates_ref =
| topo =
| type = [[sandstone]]
| age =
| last_eruption =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route = Drive
}}
{{Contains Khmer text}}
'''Phnom Kulen''', also romanized as (''Phnom Koulen'', ''Phnum Kulén'' or ''Koulen Mountain'') ({{lang-km|ភ្នំគូលេន}}, meaning "Mountain of Lychees") is a mountain range in [[Siem Reap Province]], [[Cambodia]].
==Geography==
Rather than a hill range, Phnom Kulen is an isolated chain of small mountain plateaux of moderate height lying south of the [[Dângrêk Mountains]]. The range stretches for about 40 km in a WNW - ESE direction and is located some 48 km north of [[Siem Reap]].
Its highest point is 487 m and its height is quite regular, averaging 400 m all along the range.
Geologically Phnom Kulen is formed of [[sandstone]]. It was important as a [[quarry]] in Angkorian times, the major quarries being located in the southeastern angle of the massif.<ref>Etienne Aymonier, ''Le Cambodge''. Ernest Leroux, Paris 1904.</ref>
==Protected area==
{{Main|Phnom Kulen National Park}}
There is a sanctuary in the area, [[Phnom Kulen National Park]], straddling the districts of Svay Len and Va Rin. Its purpose is recreational and scientific in order to preserve the natural scenic features of Phnom Kulen mountain, like some famous waterfalls.
The park is located about 48 km to the north of the provincial town of [[Siem Reap]].
== World Heritage Status ==
This site was added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] Tentative List on September 1, 1992 in the Cultural category.<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/63/ Site des Kulen - UNESCO World Heritage Centre]</ref>
==Description==
[[File:Cascade de la rivière sacrée (Phnom Kulen) (6825025205).jpg|200px|left|thumb|Waterfall at Phnom Kulen.]]
The Phnom Kulen mountain range is located 30 km northwards from [[Angkor Wat]]. Its name means "mountain of the [[lychee]]s".<ref name=rooney>[[#Rooney2005|Rooney, 2005]], pp.264-265</ref> There is a sacred hilltop site on top of the range.
Phnom Kulen is considered a [[Sacred mountains|holy mountain]] in Cambodia, of special religious significance to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s who come to the mountain in pilgrimage.
It also has a major symbolic importance for Cambodians as the birthplace of the ancient [[Khmer Empire]], for it was at Phnom Kulen that King [[Jayavarma II]] proclaimed independence from Java in 804 CE. Jayavarman II initiated the cult of the king, a linga cult, in what is dated as 804 CE and declaring his independence from Java of whom the Khmer had been a vassalage state (whether this is actually "Java" or "Lava" (a Lao kingdom) is debated, as well as the legend that he was earlier held as a ransom of the kingdom in Java. See Higham's The Civilization of Angkor for more information about the debate).<ref name=Higham>{{cite book|last=Higham|first=Charles|title=Civilizations of Angkor|year=2002|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-23442-1}}</ref> During the Angkorian era the relief was known as ''[[Mahendraparvata]]'' (the mountain of Great [[Indra]]).<ref>[[#Higham2001|Higham, 2001]]: pp.54-59</ref>
The site is known for its carvings representing [[fertility]] and its waters which hold special significance to [[Hindu]]s. Just 5 cm under the water's surface over 1000 small carvings are etched into the [[sandstone]] riverbed. The waters are regarded as holy, given that Jayavarman II chose to bathe in the river, and had the river diverted so that the stone bed could be carved. Carvings include a stone representation of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]] laying on his serpent [[Ananta]], with his wife [[Lakshmi]] at his feet.<ref name="Time">{{cite web|author=Friess, Steve|url=
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501020506-233983,00.html|date=April 29, 2002|title=Beyond, Literally, Angkor Wat|publisher=[[Time Magazine]]|accessdate=October 5, 2008}}</ref> A lotus flower protrudes from his navel bearing the god [[Brahma]]. The river then ends with a waterfall and a pool.
Near these mountains is [[Preah Ang Thom]], a 16th century [[Buddhism|Buddhist monastery]] notable for the giant reclining [[Buddha]], the country's largest.<ref name="Time"/>
The [[Pear (people)|Samré]] tribe was formerly living at the edge of Phnom Kulen, quarrying sandstone and transporting it to the royal sites.<ref>[http://vorasith.online.fr/cambodge/tribus.htm Les Tribus du Cambodge]</ref>
The [[Khmer Rouge]] used the location as a final stronghold as their regime came to an end in 1979.
==Sights==
Chup Preah is a stream flowing into the mountain’s valley. Ku Len Mountain has two waterfalls. The first is between four and five metres high with a diameter of 20 to 25 metres. The second waterfall is 15 to 20 metres high and has a diameter of 10 to 15 metres. These sizes apply to the dry and rainy seasons.
Preah Ang Thom houses a large statue of [[Buddha]]. It was built in the 16th century and is eight metres high. Preah Ang Thom is the sacred and worshipping god for Ku Len Mountain. There are also two large Cham Pa trees nearby. Besides Preah Ang Thom, Chhok Ruot, footprints of Preah Bat Choan Tuk, Peung Chhok, Peung Ey So and Peung Ey Sey, can also be seen.
The Linga is along the river of Siem Reap and has a lot of figures of Yoni and Linga spreading out at the bottom of the river.
The Terrace of Sdach Kum Ling has a small brick-built ruined temple in its centre. It was covered by lava for hundreds of years.
==See also==
*[[Phnom Kulen National Park]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|title=Angkor: Cambodia's wondrous khmer temples|last=Rooney|first=Dawn F.|year=2005|edition=5th|publisher=Odissey|isbn=978-962-217-727-7|ref=Rooney2005}}
*{{cite book|title=The Civilization of Angkor|last=Higham|first=Charles|year=2002|edition=1st|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-23442-1|ref=Higham2002}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/unisql1/egov/english/sight.view.html?doc_oid=@176|1|1 page on Phnom Kulen] from the official website of Kingdom of Cambodia
*[http://www.peaceofangkorweb.com/PKulen.htm PeaceOfAngkorWeb.com]
*[http://www.andybrouwer.co.uk/phk.html Andy Brouwer's blog] on the less-visited angkorian temples of Phnom Kulen
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6e81t6xNJ0 Phnom Kulen video destination guide] on YouTube
{{Angkorian sites}}
[[Category:Mountains of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Siem Reap Province]]
[[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ខេត្តសៀមរាប]]
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