ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រអ៊ីស្រាអែល៖ ភាពខុសគ្នារវាងកំណែនានា

Hyrcanus' son [[Alexander Jannaeus]] established good relations with the [[Roman Republic]], however there was growing tension between Pharisees and Sadducces and a conflict over the succession to Janneus, in which the warring parties invited foreign intervention on their behalf.

 

{{Further information|History of the Jews in the Roman Empire}}

In 64 BCE the [[Roman Republic|Roman]] general [[Pompey#Pompey in the East|Pompey]] [[Third Mithridatic War|conquered]] Syria and [[Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)|intervened]] in the [[Hasmonean civil war]] in Jerusalem. During the [[Siege of Alexandria (47 BC)|siege of Alexandria in 47 BCE]], the lives of [[Julius Caesar]] and his protege [[Cleopatra]] were saved by 3,000 Jewish troops sent by King [[Hyrcanus II]] and commanded by [[Antipater the Idumaean|Antipater]], whose descendants Caesar made kings of Judea.<ref>Julius Caesar: The Life and Times of the People's Dictator By Luciano Canfora chapter 24 "Caesar Saved by the Jews".</ref>