សម្តេច Dalai Lama ទី 14៖ ភាពខុសគ្នារវាងកំណែនានា

Lhamo Thondup<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Noodle Maker of Kalimpong: The Untold Story of My Struggle for Tibet|last=Thondup|first=Gyalo|last2=Thurston|first2=Anne F.|publisher=Random House Publishers India Private Limited|year=2015|isbn=978-81-8400-387-1|location=Gurgaon|pages=20|quote=Lama Thubten named my new brother Lhamo Thondup.}}</ref> កើតនៅថ្ងៃទី 6 ខែកក្កដាឆ្នាំ 1935 ទៅគ្រួសារកសិករធ្វើកសិកម្មនិងសេះនៅភូមិតូចមួយឈ្មោះថា Taktser ឬ Chija Tagtser ក្នុងភាសាចិននៅជ្រុងនៃតំបន់ប្រពៃណីទីបេនៃ Amdo ។ គ្រួសាររបស់គាត់ត្រូវបានគេទាញយករ៉ែ Monguor ។ គាត់គឺជាបងប្អូនម្នាក់ក្នុងចំណោមបងប្អូន 7 នាក់ដើម្បីរស់រានមានជីវិត។ កូនច្បងគឺបងស្រីរបស់គាត់ឈ្មោះ Tsering Dolma ដែលមានអាយុ 18 ឆ្នាំ។ បងប្រុសច្បងរបស់គាត់ Thupten Jigme Norbu ត្រូវបានគេទទួលស្គាល់នៅពេលគាត់មានអាយុ 8 ឆ្នាំជាការចាប់កំណើតរបស់ Lama Taktser Rinpoche ។ បងស្រីរបស់គាត់ឈ្មោះថាជេតសុនផេម៉ាបានចំណាយពេលពេញវ័យរបស់គាត់នៅលើគម្រោងភូមិកុមារទីបេ។ សម្ដេចសង្ឃដាឡៃឡាម៉ាបាននិយាយថាភាសាទីមួយរបស់គាត់គឺ "ភាសាស៊ីនដែលខូច" ដែលជាភាសាចិនដែលជាទម្រង់នៃភាសាចិនកណ្តាលហើយគ្រួសាររបស់គាត់មិនបាននិយាយភាសាទីបេទេ។<ref name="Laird" /><ref>Li, T.T. ''Historical Status of Tibet'', Columbia University Press, p. 179.</ref><ref>Bell, Charles, "''Portrait of the Dalai Lama''", p. 399.</ref><ref>Goldstein, Melvyn C. Goldstein, ''A history of modern Tibet'', pp. 315–317.</ref>}} or Chija Tagtser,<ref>''A 60-Point Commentary on the Chinese Government Publication: A Collection of Historical Archives of Tibet'', DIIR Publications, Dharamsala, November 2008: "Chija Tagtser born holy precious child Lhamo Dhondup [...] the holy reincarnate child in Chija Tagtser."</ref><ref name="Laird">Thomas Laird, ''[https://books.google.com/?id=As_4aQjGaUEC The Story of Tibet. Conversations with the Dalai Lama]'', [[Grove Press]]: New York, 2006.</ref><ref>Thomas Laird, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NH5vuMA7LYcC&printsec=frontcover#v=snippet&q=%22broken%20Chinese%20regional%20dialect%22&f=false ''The Story of Tibet: Conversations With the Dalai Lama''], p. 262 (2007) "At that time in my village", he said, "we spoke a broken Chinese. As a child, I spoke Chinese first, but it was a broken Xining language which was (a dialect of) the Chinese language." "So your first language", I responded, "was a broken Chinese regional dialect, which we might call Xining Chinese. It was not Tibetan. You learned Tibetan when you came to Lhasa." "Yes", he answered, "that is correct (...)."</ref><ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ub8aAQAAMAAJ&q=amdo++historic+homeland,+was+under+the+control+of+a+Muslim+warlord,+Ma+Bufang.+The+Dalai+Lama+and+his+family+didn't+learn+Tibetan+until+they+moved+to+Lhasa+in+1939&dq=amdo++historic+homeland,+was+under+the+control+of+a+Muslim+warlord,+Ma+Bufang.+The+Dalai+Lama+and+his+family+didn't+learn+Tibetan+until+they+moved+to+Lhasa+in+1939&hl=en&ei=76ajTZ6RIMHngQes7MCkCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA |title = The economist, Volume 390, Issues 8618-8624 |year = 2009 |publisher = Economist Newspaper Ltd. |location= |page = 144 |ISBN = |accessdate = 9 April 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/13184937 Politically incorrect tourism], ''The Economist'', 26 February 2009: "When the Dalai Lama was born, the region, regarded by Tibetans as part of Amdo, a province of their historic homeland, was under the control of a Muslim warlord, Ma Bufang. The Dalai Lama and his family didn't learn Tibetan until they moved to Lhasa in 1939."</ref>

As put it by ''[[The Economist|Economist]]'' reporterដូចដែលបានលើកឡើងដោយអ្នកយកព័ត៌មានសេដ្ឋកិច្ច Banyan, Chinese involvement at this time was very limited.ការចូលរួមរបស់ចិននៅពេលនេះគឺមានកំណត់ណាស់។<ref name="Banyan">{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/news/china/21646795-even-china-accepts-only-dalai-lama-can-legitimise-its-rule-tibet-golden-urn|title=The golden urn Even China accepts that only the Dalai Lama can legitimise its rule in Tibet|last1=Banyan|website=The Economist|accessdate=29 September 2017}}</ref> [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhists]] normally refer to him as Yishin Norbu (''Wish-Fulfilling Gem''), Kyabgon (''Saviour''), or just Kundun (''Presence''). His devotees, as well as much of the Western world, often call him ''His Holiness the Dalai Lama'', the [[style (manner of address)|style]] employed on the Dalai Lama's website. According to the Dalai Lama, he had a succession of tutors in Tibet including [[Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen|Reting Rinpoche]], Tathag Rinpoche, [[Ling Rinpoche]] and lastly [[Trijang Rinpoche]], who became junior tutor when he was nineteen.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lama|first1=Dalai |title = Freedom in exile : the autobiography of the Dalai Lama. |date = 1990 |publisher = HarperCollins|location=New York, NY |ISBN = 0-06-039116-2 |page = 18|edition=1st}}</ref> At the age of 11 he met the [[Austrians|Austrian]] mountaineer [[Heinrich Harrer]], who became his [[videographer]] and tutor about the world outside [[Lhasa]]. The two remained friends until Harrer's death in 2006.<ref>{{cite video |people=Peter Graves (host) |date = 2005-04-26 |title = Dalai Lama: Soul of Tibet |publisher = [[A&E Television Networks]]|time=08:00}}</ref>