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'''ត្រីគល់រាំង''' (ឈ្មោះវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ ''Catlocarpio siamensis, ''{{lang-en|giant barb}}, {{lang-th|กระโห้ ឬ กะมัน}})
{{Notkhmer}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ត្រីគល់រាំង
| image = Giant Barb.jpg
| status = CR
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN2011.2 |assessors=Hogan, Z. |year=2011 |id=180662 |title=Catlocarpio siamensis |downloaded=3 February 2012}}</ref>
| status_system = iucn3.1
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Cypriniformes]]
| familia = [[Cyprinidae]]
| genus = '''''Catlocarpio'''''
| genus_authority = [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1898
| species = '''''C. siamensis'''''
| binomial = ''Catlocarpio siamensis''
| binomial_authority = [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1898
}}
'''ត្រីគល់រាំង''' (ឈ្មោះវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ ''Catlocarpio siamensis, ''{{lang-en|giant barb}}, {{lang-th|กระโห้ ឬ กะมัน}}), is the largest species of [[cyprinid]] in the world. These migratory fish are found only in the [[Mae Klong]], [[Mekong]] and [[Chao Phraya]] river basins in [[Indochina]]. It has declined drastically due to [[habitat loss]] and [[overfishing]], and it is now considered [[Critically Endangered]].<ref name=IUCN/>
==Distribution and habitat==
They are usually seen in the big pools along the edges of large rivers, but will seasonally enter smaller [[canal]]s, [[floodplain]]s and flooded forests. Young barbs are usually found in smaller [[tributaries]] and [[swamp]]s, but can acclimatize to living in [[pond]]s, [[canal]]s and [[swamp]]s.<ref name=Fishbase>{{FishBase species | genus = Catlocarpio | species = siamensis | year = 2011 | month = August}}</ref> The fish generally live in pairs.<ref>[[Southeast Asia Rivers Network]]. "The Return of Fish, River Ecology and Local Livelihoods of the Mun River : A Thai Baan (Villagers') Research" n.p. November 2004. p. 59</ref>
These are migratory fish, swimming to favorable areas for feeding and breeding in different parts of the year.<ref name=Fishbase /> These slow-moving fish subsist on [[algae]], [[phytoplankton]] and [[fruit]]s of inundated [[Terrestrial plant|terrestrial]] [[plant]]s, rarely (if ever) feeding on active [[animal]]s. In the lower [[Mekong]] basin, young giant barbs have been reported as occurring primarily in October.<ref name=Fishbase />
==Physical characteristics==
[[File:Pla Ga Man.jpg|thumb|right|Barb captured in a fishing boat]]
The head is rather large for the body. There are no [[barbel (anatomy)|barbel]]s.<ref name=Fishbase />
The giant barb ranks among the largest freshwater fish in the world, and is probably the largest fish in the family [[Cyprinidae]].<ref name="Nelson">Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). ''Fishes of the World''. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7</ref> It may reach {{convert|3|m|abbr=on}} (although this claimed maximum length needs confirmation) and weigh up to {{convert|300|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Fishbase /> Few large individuals are caught today. For example, no individual weighing more than {{convert|150|kg|abbr=on}} has been caught in [[Cambodia]] since 1994.<ref name=IUCN/> Among the cyprinids, only the [[golden mahseer]] can reach a comparable length, but it is a relatively slender fish that weighs far less.
This fish is actually [[tetraploid]], meaning it has four of each chromosome (as opposed to [[diploid]], the normal number in animals).<ref name="Nelson"/>
==ស្ថានភាពអភិរក្ស==
Today, few barbs live to maturity. The main threats are from habitat loss (e.g., [[pollution]] and [[dam]]s) and overfishing.<ref name=IUCN/> The sharp population decline is well illustrated by catch data from Cambodia, where 200 tonnes of giant barbs were caught in 1964. By 1980, only about 50 fish were caught and by 2000, only 10.<ref name=IUCN/> It was formerly an important fish in local catches below the [[Khone Phapheng Falls]], but surveys between 1993 and 1999 only located a single small individual.<ref name=IUCN/> Consequently, the giant barb is listed as [[Critically Endangered]] on the [[IUCN Red List]].<ref name=IUCN/> It has been entirely [[Local extinction|extirpated]] from the Chao Phraya River.<ref name=IUCN/>
In a 2005 royal decree, the [[Kingdom of Cambodia]] designated this fauna as the national fish to bring conservation awareness to this species.<ref>[http://www.forestry.gov.kh/Documents/ROYAL-DECREE-ENG.pdf ROYAL DECREE on Designation of Animals and Plants as National Symbols of the Kingdom of Cambodia]</ref>
==កំណត់ចំណាំ==
{{reflist}}
==តំណភ្ជាប់ខាងក្រៅ ==
* [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/07/photogalleries/giant-fishes/photo10.html Photo in National Geographic of a large specimen]
{{Symbols of Cambodia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Giant Barb}}
[[Category:Cyprinidae]]
[[Category:Fish of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Fish of Thailand]]
[[Category:Edible fish]]
[[Category:អត្តសញ្ញាណជាតិនៃកម្ពុជា]]
[[Category:Monotypic fish genera]]
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