អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Trezoo/សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១៖ ភាពខុសគ្នារវាងកំណែនានា
ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានលុបចោល ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានសរសេរបន្ថែម
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បន្ទាត់ទី១៖
{{Short description|សង្គ្រាមលោកចាប់ផ្ដើមនៅអឺរ៉ុប, ១៩១៤-១៩១៨}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = World War I
| image = WWImontage.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = Clockwise from the top: {{flatlist|
* The road to [[Bapaume]] in the aftermath of the [[Battle of the Somme]], 1916
* British [[Mark V tank]]s crossing the [[Hindenburg Line]], 1918
* {{HMS|Irresistible|1898|6}} sinking after hitting a [[Naval mine|mine]] in the [[Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign|Dardanelles]], 1915
* A British [[Vickers machine gun]] crew wearing [[gas mask]]s during the Battle of the Somme, 1916
* German [[Albatros D.III]] biplane fighters near [[Douai]], France, 1917
}}
| date = {{start and end dates|1914|7|28|1918|11|11|df=yes}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=28|year1=1914|month2=11|day2=11|year2=1918}})
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = Peace treaties
|[[Treaty of Versailles]]<br />Signed 28 June 1919<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=28|year1=1914|month2=6|day2=28|year2=1919}}){{efn|The United States did not ratify any of the treaties agreed to at the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]].}}<!--Since World War I didn't actually end for most states until the Paris Peace Conference treaties were signed...-->
|[[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye]]<br />Signed 10 September 1919<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=28|year1=1914|month2=9|day2=10|year2=1919}})
|[[Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine]]<br />Signed 27 November 1919<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=14|year1=1915|month2=11|day2=27|year2=1919}}){{efn|Bulgaria joined the Central Powers on 14 October 1915.}}
|[[Treaty of Trianon]]<br />Signed 4 June 1920<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=28|year1=1914|month2=6|day2=4|year2=1920}})
|[[Treaty of Sèvres]]<br />Signed 10 August 1920<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=28|year1=1914|month2=8|day2=10|year2=1920}}){{efn|The Ottoman Empire agreed to a secret alliance with Germany on 2 August 1914. It joined the war on the side of the Central Powers on 29 October 1914.}}
|[[U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty (1921)|United States–Austria Peace Treaty]]<br />Signed 24 August 1921<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=7|year1=1917|month2=8|day2=24|year2=1921}}){{efn|The United States [[American entry into World War I#Austria-Hungary|declared war on Austria-Hungary]] on 7{{nbsp}}December 1917.}}{{efn|[[First Republic of Austria|Austria]] was considered one of the [[successor states]] to Austria-Hungary.}}
|[[U.S.–German Peace Treaty (1921)|United States–Germany Peace Treaty]]<br />Signed 25 August 1921<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=4|day1=6|year1=1917|month2=8|day2=25|year2=1921}}){{efn|The United States [[United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)|declared war on Germany]] on 6{{nbsp}}April 1917.}}
|[[U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty (1921)|United States–Hungary Peace Treaty]]<br />Signed 29 August 1921<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=7|year1=1917|month2=8|day2=29|year2=1921}}){{efn|[[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|Hungary]] was considered one of the successor states to Austria-Hungary.}}
|[[Treaty of Lausanne]]<br />Signed 24 July 1923<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=29|year1=1914|month2=7|day2=24|year2=1923}}){{efn|Although the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] was intended to end the war between the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire, the Allied Powers and the [[Republic of Turkey]], the successor state of the Ottoman Empire, agreed to the Treaty of Lausanne.}}
}}
| place = Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands, China, Indian Ocean, North and South Atlantic Ocean
| casus = [[Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] (28 June) followed by Austro-Hungarian declaration of war on [[Kingdom of Serbia]] (28 July) and Russian mobilisation against [[Austria-Hungary]] (29 July).
| territory = {{bulletlist|Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East|Transfer of [[German colonial empire|German colonies]] and territories to other countries, [[partition of the Ottoman Empire]], [[dissolution of Austria-Hungary]], and the [[October Revolution|collapse of the Russian Empire]]
}}
| result = [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] victory
{{bulletlist|[[Central Powers]] victory on the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] nullified by defeat on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] and [[Italian front (World War I)|Italian Front]]|Fall of all continental empires in Europe (including [[German Empire|Germany]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Austria-Hungary]])|[[Occupation of the Rhineland|Allied military occupation of the Rhineland]]|[[Russian Revolution]] and [[Russian Civil War]], with the subsequent formation of the [[Soviet Union]]|Widespread unrest and [[Revolutions of 1917–1923|revolutions]] throughout Europe and Asia|Creation of the [[League of Nations]] (see [[Aftermath of World War I]])
}}
| combatant1 = '''[[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]]:'''<br />{{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}<br />{{clist|bullets=yes|title={{nobold|{{flag|British Empire}}}}
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}
|{{flag|Canada|1905}}
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{flagcountry|British Raj}}
|{{flagcountry|British Ceylon}}
|{{flag|Dominion of New Zealand|name=New Zealand}}
|{{flag|Newfoundland}}
|{{flagcountry|Union of South Africa|1912}}}}
{{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Russia|1914}} [[Russian Empire]]{{Efn|[[Russian Republic]] during 1917. The [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] government signed the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk|separate peace]] with the Central Powers shortly after their [[October Revolution|armed seizure of power]] of November that year.}}<br />{{small|(until 1917)}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Serbia}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Belgium|1831}}
* {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Montenegro}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|1861}} {{small|(from 1915)}}
* {{flag|United States|1912}}<br />{{small|(from 1917)}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}} {{small|(from 1916)}}
* {{flagcountry|First Portuguese Republic}} {{small|(from 1916)}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hejaz|1917}} {{small|(from 1916)}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece|state}} {{small|(from 1917)}}
* {{flagdeco|Thailand}} [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)#World War I|Siam]] {{small|(from 1917)}}
* {{flagicon|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912}} [[Beiyang government|China]] {{small|(from 1917)}}
* [[Allies of World War I|...{{nbsp}}''and others'']]
}}
| combatant2 = '''[[Central Powers]]:'''{{plainlist|
* {{flag|German Empire}}
* {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
* {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} {{small|(from 1915)}}
* [[Central Powers|...{{nbsp}}''and others'']]
}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|French Third Republic}} [[Raymond Poincaré]]
* {{nowrap|{{flagicon|French Third Republic}} [[Georges Clemenceau]]}}
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom}} [[George V]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom}} [[H. H. Asquith]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom}} [[David Lloyd George]]
* {{flagdeco|Russia|1914}} [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]]{{efn|Abdicated in March 1917, [[Execution of the Romanov family|executed in July 1918]].}}{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Russian Republic}} [[Georgy Lvov]]
* {{flagicon|Russian Republic}} [[Alexander Kerensky]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Victor Emmanuel III]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Vittorio Orlando]]
* {{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Woodrow Wilson]]
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Emperor Taishō]]
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia}} [[Peter I of Serbia|Peter I]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Romania}} [[Ferdinand I of Romania|Ferdinand I]]<br />[[Allied leaders of World War I|''and others''{{nbsp}}...]]
}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]]
* {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} [[Franz Joseph I]]{{efn|Died in 1916 of pneumonia, succeeded by Charles (Karl) I of Austria}}
* {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} [[Charles I of Austria|Karl I]]
* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mehmed V]]{{efn|Died in July 1918 and succeeded by Mehmed VI}}
* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mehmed VI]]
* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Three Pashas]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Ferdinand I of Bulgaria|Ferdinand I]]<br />[[Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I|''and others''{{nbsp}}...]]
}}
| strength1 = '''Total: 42,928,000'''<ref name="Tucker 2005 273">{{harvnb|Tucker|Roberts|2005|p=[{{google books |plainurl=y |id=2YqjfHLyyj8C |page=273}} 273]}}</ref>{{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Russia|1914}} 12,000,000
* {{flagicon|French Third Republic}} 8,660,000{{efn|Figures are for Metropolitan France and its colonies}}
* {{flagicon|British Empire}} 5,839,000 {{efn|Figures are for Britain and her colonies; the dominions and India are listed separately}}
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} 5,093,000
* {{flagicon|United States|1912}} 4,744,000
* {{flagicon|British Raj}} 1,680,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Romania}} 1,234,000
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} 800,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia}} 707,000
* {{flagicon|Canada|1905}} 629,000
* {{flagicon|Australia}} 417,000
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} 380,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece|state}} 230,000
* {{flagicon|First Portuguese Republic}} 200,000
* {{flagicon|Union of South Africa|1912}} 136,000
* {{flagicon|Dominion of New Zealand}} 129,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Montenegro}} 50,000
* {{flagicon|Hejaz}} 50,000
}}
| strength2 = '''Total: 25,248,000'''<ref name="Tucker 2005 273"/>{{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|German Empire}} 13,250,000
* {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} 7,800,000
* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} 2,998,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} 1,200,000
}}
| strength3 = '''68,176,000 (Total all)'''
| casualties1 = {{plainlist|
* '''Military dead''': 5,525,000
* '''Military wounded''': 12,832,000
* '''Total:''' 18,357,000 KIA, WIA and MIA
* '''Civilian dead:''' 4,000,000}}[[World War I casualties|''further details''{{nbsp}}...]]
----
'''Military deaths by country''':<ref name="crb.org">{{cite web|last=Mougel|first=Nadège|title=World War I casualties |url=http://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/userfiles/files/REPERES%20%E2%80%93%20module%201-1-1%20-%20explanatory%20notes%20%E2%80%93%20World%20War%20I%20casualties%20%E2%80%93%20EN.pdf |work=Centre européen Robert Schuman}}</ref><ref name="Nash">{{cite book |last1=Nash |first1=Jay Robert |title=Darkest Hours |date=1976 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KglCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA775 |isbn=978-1590775264}}</ref><br />{{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Russia|1914}} 1,811,000
* {{flagicon|French Third Republic}} 1,398,000
* {{flagicon|British Empire}} 1,115,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} 651,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Romania}} 250,000–335,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia}} 275,000
* {{flagicon|United States|1912}} 117,000
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} 59,000–88,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece|state}} 26,000
* {{flagicon|First Portuguese Republic}} 7,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Montenegro}} 3,000
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} <1,000
}}
| casualties2 = {{plainlist|
* '''Military dead:''' 4,386,000
* '''Military wounded:''' 8,388,000
* '''Total:''' 12,774,000 KIA, WIA and MIA
* '''Civilian dead:''' 3,700,000}}[[World War I casualties|''further details''{{nbsp}}...]]
----
'''Military deaths by country''':<ref name="crb.org"/><br />{{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|German Empire}} 2,051,000
* {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} 1,200,000
* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} 772,000
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} 88,000
}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox World War I}}
}}
សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១ គឺជាជម្លោះជាអន្តរជាតិរវាងប្រទេសជាច្រើនក្នុងពិភពលោក ដែលចាប់ផ្ដើមនៅថ្ងៃទី ២៨ កក្កដា ១៩១៤ និងបញ្ចប់វិញនៅថ្ងៃទី ១១ វិច្ឆិកា ១៩១៨។ សង្គ្រាមនេះមានការចូលរួមពីប្រទេសភាគច្រើននៅទ្វីប[[អឺរ៉ុប]] និងប្រទេសមួយចំនួនទៀតដូចជា[[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]]ជាដើម ហើយក៏មានឆាកប្រយុទ្ធនៅតំបន់[[មជ្ឈិមបូព៌ា]] [[អាហ្វ្រិក]] និងផ្នែកខ្លះនៃ[[អាស៊ី]]ផងដែរ។ វាគឺជាសង្គ្រាមមួយដែលមានផលវិបាកខ្លាំងបំផុតក្នុងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ ដែលមានទាហានប្រមាណ ៩ លាននាក់ស្លាប់ក្នុងការប្រយុទ្ធ និងមានជនស៊ីវិលប្រមាណ ៥ លាននាក់ទៀតបានស្លាប់ដោយសារការសម្លាប់ដោយទាហានសត្រូវ ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែក ជំងឺ និងការអត់ឃ្លានជាដើម។{{Sfn|Gilbert|1994|p=xv}} អំពើប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍ដែលប្រព្រឹត្តឡើងដោយពួកអូតូម៉ង់ និងជំងឺ[[ផ្ដាសាយអេស្ប៉ាញ]]ក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៩១៨ ដែលរីករាលដាលកាន់តែខ្លាំងដោយសារការធ្វើបម្លាស់ទីរបស់កងទ័ព បានធ្វើឱ្យមនុស្សជាច្រើនលាននាក់លើពិភពលោកបានបាត់បង់ជីវិតថែមទៀត។{{Sfn|Spreeuwenberg|2018|pp=2561–2567}}{{Sfn|Williams|2014|pp=4–10}}
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