វិគីភីឌា

បុណ្យរំលង

បុណ្យរំលង (អង់គ្លេស: Passover, pronounce: /ˈpæsoʊvər/) ជាបុណ្យដ៏សំខាន់មួយយរបស់សាសន៍យូដា ដែលមានប្រភពមកពីព្រះគម្ពីរ។ ប្រជាជនយូដាប្រារព្ធបុណ្យនេះឡើង ដើម្បីរំលឹកដល់ការដែលព្រះបានរំដោះពួកគេឲ្យមានសេរីភាពពីទាសភាពនៅអេស៊ីព្ទ ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់ម៉ូសេ ដោយព្រះបានប្រហារកូនច្បងទាំងអស់របស់ពួកអេស៊ីព្ទ តែព្រះអង្គបានទុកឲ្យពួកកូនច្បងរបស់សាសន៍យូដាមានជីវិតវិញ។

[១]ព្រឹត្តិការណ៍នៃការគេចចេញរបស់ពួកកូនចៅអ៊ីស្រាអែល ពីទាសភាពនៅអេស៊ីព្ទ ត្រូវបានកត់ត្រាក្នុងកណ្ឌគម្ពីរនិក្ខមនំ ហើយព្រឹត្តិការណ៍នេះកើតឡើងប្រហែលជាឆ្នាំ ១៣០០ មុនគ.ស។[២]បុណ្យរំលងគឺជាបុណ្យដែលធ្វើឡើងនៅក្នុងនិទាឃរដូវ ក្នុងអំឡុងពេលដែលមានព្រះវិហារនៅក្នុងយេរូសាឡឹម ដែលបុណ្យនេះទាក់ទងនឹងការថ្វាយ "ផលដំបូងនៃស្រូវបាឡេ", ស្រូវបាឡេគឺជាធញ្ញជាតិដែលទុំមុនគេ ហើយត្រូវបានច្រូវកាត់មុនគេ នៅទឹកដីអ៊ីស្រាអែល។[៣]

បុណ្យរំលងចាប់ផ្ដើមនៅថ្ងៃទី១៥ ក្នុងខែនីសាន (ខែរបស់ហេព្រើរ) ហើយមានរយៈពេល៧ថ្ងៃ (នៅក្នុងអ៊ីស្រាអែល)។[៤][៥] នៅក្នុងសាសនាយូដា បុណ្យរំលងមានរយៈពេល១ថ្ងៃ ចាប់ផ្ដើមពីព្រលប់ថ្ងៃទី១៤ ដល់ព្រលប់ថ្ងៃទី១៥ នៃខែនីសាន។ បុណ្យរំលងប្រារព្ទឡើងនៅក្នុងនិទាឃរដូវ ដូចមានសរសេរនៅក្នុងកណ្ឌគម្ពីរនិក្ខមនំ ២៣:១៥។ វាជាថ្ងៃឈប់សម្រាកដ៏ធំមួយរបស់ពួកយូដា។

យោងទៅតាមកណ្ឌគម្ពីរនិក្ខនមំបានប្រាប់យើងថា ព្រះបានជួយពួកកូនចៅអ៊ីស្រាអែលឲ្យគេចផុតពីទាសភាពនៅអេស៊ីព្ទ ដោយប្រើគ្រោះកាចទាំង១០ ដើម្បីដាក់ទោសពួកអេស៊ីព្ទ នៅចំពោះស្ដេចផារ៉ោន។ គ្រោះកាចដ៏សាហាវបំផុតក្នុងចំណោមគ្រោះកាចទាំងនោះគឺការសម្លាប់កូនច្បបរបស់ពួកអេស៊ីព្ទ។

ពួកអ៊ីស្រាអែលត្រូវបានបង្គាប់ឲ្យយកឈាមពីចៀបដែលបានសម្លាប់ ទៅលាបលើក្របទ្វារផ្ទះរបស់ខ្លួន ទុកជាសញ្ញាសម្គាល់ ដើម្បីឲ្យព្រះរិញ្ញាណរំលងផ្ទះនោះ កាលណាឃើញសញ្ញាសម្គាល់នោះ។[៦] មានគេនិយាយថា នៅពេលស្ដេចផារ៉ោនដោះលែងពួកកូនចៅអ៊ីស្រាអែល ពួកកូនចៅអ៊ីស្រាអែលបានចាកចេញយ៉ាងប្រញាប់ ដោយពួកគេមិនអាចរងចាំរហូតដល់ម្សៅនំប៉័ងឡើងមេបានឡើយ។ ដូច្នេះក្នុងការរំលឹកដល់ហេតុការណ៍នេះ ក្នងអំឡុងបុណ្យរំលង គេមិនហូបនំប៉័ងដាក់មេឡើយ នេះហើយជាហេតុដែលគេហៅបុណ្យរំលងថាបុណ្យនំប៉័ងឥតមេ នៅក្នងព្រះកម្ពីរសម្ពន្ធមេត្រីចាស់។[៧][៨][៩][១០]

កាលបរិច្ឆេទ និងអំឡុងពេល កែប្រែ

បុណ្យរំលងចាប់ផ្ដើមនៅថ្ងៃទី១៥ ក្នុងខែនីសាន ដែលជាធម្មតាអាចជាខែមីនា ឬខែមេសា។ បុណ្យរំលងគឺជាបុណ្យមួយនៅនិទាឃរដូវ គឺនៅថ្ងៃទី១៥ ក្នុងខែនីសាន ចាប់ផ្ដើមពីយប់ដំបូងដែលមានព្រះចន្ទពេញវង់ ឬពេលខ្លះក៏ចាប់ផ្ដើមពីយប់ទី២ដែលមានព្រះចន្ទពេញវង់ដែរ។[១១]

ដើម្បីធានាថាបុណ្យរំលងមិនចាប់ផ្ដើមមុននិទាឃរដូវ ទំនៀមទម្លាប់ក្នុងអ៊ីស្រាអែលសម័យបុរាណ គេប្រកាន់យកថ្ងៃដំបូងនៃខែនីសាននៅពេលណាដែលស្រូវបាឡេទុំសិន។[១២] ប្រសិនបើស្រូវបាឡេមិនទាន់ទុំទេ នោះមានន័យថាមិនទាន់ជិតដល់នាទាឃរដូវទេ។[១៣][១៤]

នៅអ៊ីស្រាអែល បុណ្យរំលងគឺថ្ងៃឈប់សម្រាកដែលមានរយៈពេល៧ថ្ងៃ ហើយជាបុណ្យនំប៉័ងឥតមេ។ តាំងពីថ្ងៃទី១ រហូតដល់ថ្ងៃទី៧ ជាថ្ងៃឈប់សម្រាកស្របច្បាប់ និងជាថ្ងៃឈប់សម្រាកដ៏វិសុទ្ធ មានទាំងការហូបអាហារសម្រាប់បុណ្យនេះ និងមានការអធិស្ឋានជាពិសេសផងដែរ។[១៥][១៦][១៧]

 
រូបភាពបង្ហាញពីការ គេចចេញពីអេស៊ីព្ទ គូរក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៩០៧។

[១៨][១៩] [២០][២១][២២][២៣][២៤][២៥][២៦][២៧][២៨][២៧][២៩][៣០][៣១][៣២] [៣៣][៣៤][៣៥][៣៦][៣៧][៣៨][៣៩][៤០][៣៧][៤១][៣៧][៤២][៤៣][៤៤][៤៥][៤៥][៤៥][៤៥][៤៦][៤៧][៤៨][៤៩][៣៨][៣៨][៥០][៥១][៣៨][៥២][៥៣][៣][៥៤][៥៥][៥៦][៥៧][៥៨][៥៩]

ឯកសារយោង កែប្រែ

  1. ↑ "Pesach". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
  2. ↑ The Seder Olam Rabbah calculates the lifespan of Moses as 1391–1271 BCE, which would correspond to a date of the Exodus of forty years before 1271, i.e. 1311 BCE.
  3. ↑ ៣,០ ៣,១ Josephus, Antiquities 3.250–251, in Josephus IV Jewish Antiquities Books I–IV, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1930, pp. 437–439.
  4. ↑ Shapiro, Rabbi Mark Dov. "How Long is Passover?". The Web Pages of Sinai Temple. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  5. ↑ Dreyfus, Ben. "Is Passover 7 or 8 Days?". ReformJudaism.org. Union for Reform Judaism. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  6. ↑ Exodus 12:11–13
  7. ↑ Exodus 12:17,Lev 23:6, Numbers 28:17, Numbers 33:3
  8. ↑ Gitlitz, David M.; Davidson, Linda Kay (2006). Pilgrimage and the Jews. Westport, CT: Praeger. pp. 24–35. 
  9. ↑ K'fir, Amnon (2007-05-02). "The Samaritans' Passover sacrifice". ynet news. http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3394699,00.html។ បានយកមក 2008-10-10. 
  10. ↑ "Ancient Samaritan sect marks Passover sacrifice near Nablus". Haaretz. 2007-05-01. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/854549.html។ បានយកមក 2008-10-10. 
  11. ↑ Hopkins, Edward J. (1996). "FULL MOON, EASTER & PASSOVER". University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 7 មិថុនា 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  12. ↑ The barley had to be "eared out" (ripe) in order to have a wave-sheaf offering of the first fruits according to the Law. Jones, Stephen (1996). Secrets of Time.  This also presupposes that the cycle is based on the northern hemisphere seasons.
  13. ↑ "..., when the fruit had not grown properly, when the winter rains had not stopped, when the roads for Passover pilgrims had not dried up, and when the young pigeons had not become fledged. The council on intercalation considered the astronomical facts together with the religious requirements of Passover and the natural conditions of the country." – Spier, Arthur (1952). The Comprehensive Hebrew Calendar. New York: Behrman House, Inc.. , p. 1
  14. ↑ "In the fourth century, ... the patriarch Hillel II ... made public the system of calendar calculation which up to then had been a closely guarded secret. It had been used in the past only to check the observations and testimonies of witnesses, and to determine the beginning of the spring season." – Spier 1952, p. 2
  15. ↑ De Lange, Nicholas (2000). An Introduction to Judaism. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press. p. 97
  16. ↑ Stern, Sacha (2001). Calendar and Community: A History of the Jewish Calendar 2nd Century BCE – 10th Century CE. Oxford University Press. p. viii. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0198270348. 
  17. ↑ Cohen, Jeffrey M. (2008). 1,001 Questions and Answers on Pesach. p. 291. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0853038082. 
  18. ↑ Audirsch, Jeffrey G. (2014). The Legislative Themes of Centralization: From Mandate to Demise. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 108. https://books.google.com/books?id=yQaQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA108. 
  19. ↑ Levinson, Bernard M. (1997). Deuteronomy and the Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation. Oxford University Press. pp. 57–58. https://books.google.com/books?id=U-GJFShHwzsC&pg=PA57. 
  20. ↑ Prosic, Tamara (2004). The Development and Symbolism of Passover. A&C Black. pp. 23–27. https://books.google.com/books?id=BVCvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23. 
  21. ↑ Prosic, p. 28
  22. ↑ Prosic pp. 28ff. pp. 32ff.
  23. ↑ Exodus 13:7
  24. ↑ Exodus 12:3
  25. ↑ Exodus 12:6
  26. ↑ Exodus 12:6 English Standard Version
  27. ↑ ២៧,០ ២៧,១ Exodus 12:8
  28. ↑ Exodus 12:9
  29. ↑ Exodus 12:10
  30. ↑ Deuteronomy 16:2,Deuteronomy 16:5
  31. ↑ James B. Prichard, ed., The Ancient Near East – An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, Volume 1, Princeton University Press, 1958, p. 278.
  32. ↑ "On the feast called Passover...they sacrifice from the ninth to the eleventh hour", Josephus, Jewish War 6.423–428, in Josephus III, The Jewish War, Book IV–VII, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1979. Philo in one place (Special Laws 2.148) states that the victims are sacrificed "from noon till eventide", and in another place (Questions on Exodus 1.11) that the sacrifices begin at the ninth hour. According to Jubilees 49.12, "it is not fitting to sacrifice [the Passover] during any time of light except during the time of the border of evening."
  33. ↑ Jubilees 49.1.
  34. ↑ "And what is left of its flesh from the third of the night and beyond, they shall burn with fire," Jubilees 49.12. "We celebrate [the Passover] by fraternities, nothing of the sacrificial victims being kept for the morrow," Josephus, Antiquities 3.248.
  35. ↑ "The guests assembled for the banquet have been cleansed by purificatory lustrations, and are there...to fulfill with prayers and hymns the custom handed down by their fathers." Philo, Special Laws 2.148, in Philo VII: On the Decalog; On the Special Laws I–III, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1937.
  36. ↑ Prosic, p. 32.
  37. ↑ ៣៧,០ ៣៧,១ ៣៧,២ Bokser, Baruch M. (1992) "Unleavened Bread and Passover, Feasts of" in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman (New York: Doubleday), 6:755–765
  38. ↑ ៣៨,០ ៣៨,១ ៣៨,២ ៣៨,៣ Pomerantz, Batsheva (April 22, 2005). "Making matzo: A time-honored tradition". Jewish News of Greater Phoenix. http://www.jewishaz.com/jewishnews/050422/matzo.shtml. 
  39. ↑ "Ultra Orthodox burn leavened food before Passover". Haaretz. 2011-04-19. http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/ultra-orthodox-burn-leavened-food-before-passover-begins-1.356761។ បានយកមក 2014-04-17. 
  40. ↑ Rotkovitz, Miri (6 May 2016). "Get Out Of Town: Your Guide to Kosher Travel". The Spruce. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  41. ↑ Greenberg, Moshe (1974) "Lessons on Exodus". New York
  42. ↑ Sarna, Nahum M. (1986) "Exploring Exodus". New York
  43. ↑ Jacobs, Louis; Rose, Michael (23 March 1983). "The Laws of Pesach". Friends of Louis Jacobs. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  44. ↑ Pesach questions and answers Archived 2007-09-28 at the វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន. by the Torah Learning Center.
  45. ↑ ៤៥,០ ៤៥,១ ៤៥,២ ៤៥,៣ Gold, Avie; Zlotowitz, Meir; Scherman, Nosson (1990–2002). The Complete ArtScroll Machzor: Pesach. Brooklyn, New York, USA: Mesorah Publications, Ltd. pp. 2–3. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-89906-696-8. 
  46. ↑ Lagnado, Lucette (18 April 2011). "As Passover Nears, These Rabbis Are Getting Out Their Blowtorches". The Wall Street Journal (New York): pp. A1. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704628404576264751651607740. 
  47. ↑ Exodus 12:18
  48. ↑ "Thought For Food: An Overview of the Seder". AskMoses.com – Judaism, Ask a Rabbi – Live. Archived from the original on 2020-05-21. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
  49. ↑ What is the kabbalistic view on chametz? Archived 2008-02-03 at the វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន. by Rabbi Yossi Marcus
  50. ↑ "Making Matzah the Old-Fashioned Way". The Jewish Federations of North America. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved 2014-04-17. {{cite web}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  51. ↑ "Shir Ha Ma'a lot". Kolhator.org.il. Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2014-04-17.
  52. ↑ Karaite Jews begin the count on the Sunday within the holiday week. This leads to Shavuot for the Karaites always falling on a Sunday.
  53. ↑ Scharfstein, Sol (1999). Understanding Jewish Holidays and Customs: Historical and Contemporary. p. 36–37. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0881256269. 
  54. ↑ "Roast in the Wonder Pot", The Kosher For Pesach Cookbook (1978). Jerusalem:Yeshivat Aish HaTorah Women's Organization, p. 58.
  55. ↑ Neiman, Rachel (2008-06-15). "Nostalgia Sunday". 21c Israelity blog. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
  56. ↑ The eighth day is known as Acharon shel Pesach, "last [day] of Passover".
  57. ↑ The Canadian Jewish Chronicle, March 31, 1939
  58. ↑ Windsor, Gwyneth; Hughes, John (November 21, 1990). Worship and Festivals. Heinemann. https://books.google.com/books?id=1UWp5pi1SdUC&pg=PA64&dq=maundy+thursday+evening+jewish&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mz57T9XcJOHv0gHhqISbBg&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=maundy%20thursday%20evening%20jewish&f=false។ បានយកមក 2009-04-11. "On the Thursday, which is known as Maundy Thursday, Christians remember the Last Supper which Jesus had with his disciples. It was the Jewish Feast of the Passover, and the meal which they had together was the traditional Seder meal, eaten that evening by the Jews everywhere." 
  59. ↑ Bukhari. Sahih Bukhari. 
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