អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:វ័ណថារិទ្ធ/ប្រអប់ខ្សាច់/ទិដ្ឋការ (ឯកសារឆ្លងដែន)

ទំព័រនេះស្ដីអំពី the international travel document។ ចំពោះother uses សូមមើល Visa (disambiguation)។

A United States visa. Issued by the Consulate General of the United States of America in Shenyang, China. (2012)

Exit USSR visa of type 1 (for temporary visits outside the Soviet Union). Not to be confused with exit visa of type 2 (green), which was stamped to those who received the permission to exit the USSR forever and lost Soviet citizenship.

ទិដ្ឋាការ (អង់គ្លេស៖ Visa មកពីពាក្យឡាតាំង charta visa ដែលមានន័យថា "ក្រដាសដែលត្រូវបានគេមើលឃើញ" [paper that has been seen] ) គឺជាឯកសារ-លិខិតស្នាម ដើម្បីសម្គាល់ថានរណាម្នាក់ត្រូវបានអនុញ្ញាតឲ្យធ្វើការឆ្លងដែន ចូលឬចាកចេញពីទឹកដី-ប្រទេសដែលជាទីដែលលិខិតស្នាមនេះត្រូវបានចេញឲ្យ ដោយទទួលបានការយល់ព្រមនិងរអនុញ្ញាត ដោយមន្ត្រីរអន្តោប្រវេសន៍។ ការអនុញ្ញាតឲ្យឆ្លងដែនចេញចូលនេះ អាចត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងក្នុងទម្រង់ជា ឯកសារលិខិតស្នាម ប៉ុន្តែជាទូទៅ មានករណីជាច្រើន ស្ថិតក្នុងទម្រង់ជា ត្រា-តែមន៍ (stamp) ដែលត្រូវបានបោះលើទំព័រខាងក្នុងរបស់លិខិតឆ្លងដែននៃបេក្ខជនអ្នកស្នើសុំ (ឬឯកសារផ្លូវការដែលមានតម្លៃស្មើ ដើម្បីជំនួសលិខិតឆ្លងដែន)។

ឲឲ

ប្រទេសនេះបានចេញទិដ្ឋាការធម្មតាភ្ជាប់លក្ខខណ្ឌនានានៃការស្នាក់នៅដូចជាទឹកដីដែលគ្របដណ្តប់ដោយទិដ្ឋាការកាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការសុពលភាព, ​​រយៈពេលនៃការស្នាក់នៅមិនថាទិដ្ឋាការនេះមានសុពលភាពសម្រាប់ច្រើនជាងមួយដំណើរទស្សនកិច្ចល ទិដ្ឋាការត្រូវបានភ្ជាប់ជាមួយនឹងសំណើសុំការអនុញ្ញាតដើម្បីចូល (ឬចាកចេញ) ប្រទេសមួយនេះនិងមានដូច្នេះសម្រាប់បណ្តាប្រទេសមួយចំនួនខុសពីការអនុញ្ញាតជាផ្លូវការពិតប្រាកដសម្រាប់ការថា alien ដើម្បីបញ្ចូលនិងនៅតែមាននៅក្នុងប្រទេស។

Exit USSR visa of type 2. For those who received permission to leave the USSR forever and lost Soviet citizenship.

Russian empire visa stamp (1917).

Brazilian multiple entry visa in a United States passport, with immigration stamps from Brazil, France, and the United States.

The authorization may be a document, but more commonly it is a stamp endorsed in the applicant's passport (or passport-replacing document). The country issuing the visa typically attaches various conditions of stay, such as the territory covered by the visa, dates of validity, period of stay, whether the visa is valid for more than one visit, etc. Visas are associated with the request for permission to enter (or exit) a country, and are thus, for some countries, distinct from actual formal permission for an alien to enter and remain in the country.

ប្រភេទនៃទិដ្ឋការ

Entry tourist visa to the People's Republic of China.

Transit visa, issued by Chiune Sugihara to Susan Bluman.

Each country has a multitude of categories of visas and with various names. The most common types and names of visas include:

តាមគោលបំណង៖

• Transit visa, for passing through the country to a destination outside that country. Validity of transit visas are usually limited by short terms such as several hours to 10 days depending on the size of the country and/or the circumstances of a particular transit itinerary.
  • Airside transit visa, required by some countries for passing through their airports even without going through passport control.
  • Crew member, steward or driver visa, issued to persons employed or trained on aircraft, vessels, trains, trucks, buses and any other means of international transportation, or ships fishing in international waters.
• Short-stay or visitor visa, for short visits to the host country. Many countries differentiate between different reasons for these visits, such as:
  • Private visa, for private visits by invitation of residents of the country.
  • Tourist visa, for a limited period of leisure travel, no business activities allowed.
  • Visa for medical reasons, for undertaking diagnostics or a course of treatment in the host country's hospitals.
  • Business visa, for engaging in commerce in the country. These visas generally preclude permanent employment, for which a work visa would be required.
  • Working holiday visa, for individuals traveling between nations offering a working holiday program, allowing young people to undertake temporary work while traveling.
  • Athletic or artistic visa, issued to athletes and performing artists (and their supporting staff) performing at competitions, concerts, shows and other events.
    • Cultural exchange visa, usually issued to athletes and performing artists participating in a cultural exchange program.
  • Refugee visa, issued to persons fleeing the dangers of persecution, a war or a natural disaster.
• Long-stay visa, valid for longer but still finite stays:
  • Student visa, which allows its holder to study at an institution of higher learning in the issuing country.
  • Temporary worker visa, for approved employment in the host country. These are generally more difficult to obtain but valid for longer periods of time than a business visa. Examples of these are the United States' H-1B and L-1 visas. Depending on a particular country, the status of temporary worker may or may not evolve into the status of permanent resident or to naturalization.
    • Journalist visa, which some countries require of people in that occupation when traveling for their respective news organizations. Countries which insist on this include Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, the United States (I-visa) and Zimbabwe.
  • Residence visa, granted to people obtaining long-term residence in the host country. In some countries, long-term residence is a necessary step to obtain the status of a permanent resident.
  • Asylum visa, issued to people who have suffered or reasonably fear persecution in their own country due to their political activities or opinion, or features, or association with a social group.
• Immigrant visa, granted for those intending to immigrate to the issuing country (obtain the status of a permanent resident with a prospect of possible naturalization in the future):
  • Spousal visa or partner visa, granted to the spouse, civil partner or de facto partner of a resident or citizen of a given country to enable the couple to settle in that country.
  • Marriage visa, granted for a limited period before intended marriage or civil partnership based on a proven relationship with a citizen of the destination country. For example, a German woman who wishes to marry an American man would obtain a Fiancee Visa (also known as a K-1 visa) to allow her to enter the United States. "A K1 Fiancee Visa is valid for four months from the date of its approval."
  • Pensioner visa (also known as retiree visa or retirement visa), issued by a limited number of countries (Australia, Argentina, Thailand, Panama, etc.), to those who can demonstrate a foreign source of income and who do not intend to work in the issuing country. Age limits apply in some cases.
• Official visa is granted to officials doing job for their governments or otherwise representing their countries in the host country, such as the personnel of diplomatic missions.
  • Diplomatic visa is normally only available to bearers of diplomatic passports.
  • Courtesy visa issued to representatives of foreign governments or international organizations who do not qualify for diplomatic status but do merit expedited, courteous treatment - an example of this is Australia's Special purpose visa.

By method of issuance:

• On-arrival visa (also known as Visa On Arrival, VOA), granted at a port of entry. This is distinct from not requiring a visa at all, as the visitor must still obtain the visa before they can even try to pass through immigration.
  • Nearly every country can issue a visa (or another document to the same effect) on arrival to a visitor arriving in unforeseen exceptional circumstances, for example:
    • Under provisions of article 35 of the Schengen Visa Code, a visa may be issued at border in situations such as diversion of a flight causing an air passenger in transit to pass through two or more airports instead of one. When in 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland caused disruption of air travel throughout Europe, the EU also announced it would issue visas at land borders to stranded travelers.
    • Under section 212(d)(4) of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, visa waivers can be issued to travelers arriving at USA ports of entry in emergency situations or under other conditions.
    • Certain international airports in Russia have consuls on-duty, who have the power to issue visas on the spot.
  • Some countries issue visas on arrival to special categories of travelers, such as seafarers or air crew.
  • Some countries issue them to regular visitors; however, there often are restrictions, for example:
    • Belarus issues visas on arrival in Minsk international airport only to nationals of countries where there is no consular representation of Belarus.
    • Thailand only issues visas on arrival at certain border checkpoints. The most notable crossing where visas on arrival are not issued is the Padang Besar checkpoint for passenger trains between Malaysia and Thailand.
    • Russia issues visas on arrival for short visits to its Western exclave, Kaliningrad oblast.
• Electronic visa. The visa is stored in a computer and is electronically tied to the passport number; no label, sticker or stamp is placed in the passport before travel.
  • Australia pioneered electronic visa issuance with the Electronic Travel Authority for tourists, and is also issuing the eVisitor for European tourists and businessmen. Recent changes in immigration law mean that almost all visas (including those for permanent residency) are issued electronically by default unless a label is required (for example to board an airplane).
  • New Zealand is now also issuing some visas electronically.
  • The United States has a similar internet system called Electronic System for Travel Authorization, but this is a security pre-screening only and does not technically qualify as a visa under US immigration law.
  • Turkey is issuing electronic visas as of April 2013 (certain African countries are eligible only if using Turkish Airlines) through the Republic of Turkey Electronic Visa Application System.
  • Cambodia is issuing electronic visas to most of the visitors through the eVisa system.
  • Sao Tome and Principe is issuing electronic visas to all passengers through the eVisaST ststem.
  • Rwanda is issuing electronic visas.
  • Myanmar is issuing electronic visas.
  • Sri Lanka is issuing electronic visas through the Electronic Travel Authorization system.
  • Armenia is issuing electronic visas to certain eligible countries.
  • Singapore is issuing electronic visas to certain eligible countries.

This list is not exhaustive. Some countries may have more detailed classifications of some of these categories reflecting the nuances of their respective geographies, social conditions, economies, international treaties, etc. Others, on the contrary, may combine some types into broader categories.

Visa policies

Government authorities usually impose administrative entry restrictions on foreign citizens in three ways - countries whose nationals may enter without a visa, countries whose nationals may obtain a visa on arrival and countries whose nationals require a visa in advance. Nationals who require a visa in advance are usually advised to obtain them at a consular representation of their destination country. Several countries allow nationals of countries that require a visa to obtain them online.

The following table lists visa policies of all countries by the number of foreign nationalities that may enter that country for tourism without a visa or by obtaining a visa on arrival with normal passport. It also notes countries that issue electronic visas to certain nationalities. Symbol "+" indicates a country that limits the visa-free regime negatively by only listing nationals who require a visa, thus the number represents the number of UN member states reduced by the number of nationals who require a visa and "+" stands for all possible non-UN member state nationals that might also not require a visa. "N/A" indicates countries that have contradictory information on its official websites and/or information supplied by the Government to IATA. Some countries that allow visa on arrival do so only at a limited number of entry points. Some countries such as the European Union member states have a qualitatively different visa regime between each other as it also includes freedom of movement.

ប្រទេស	សរុប (excl. electronic visas)	Visa-free	Visa on arrival	Electronic visas	កំណត់ចំណាំ
អាហ្វហ្កានីស្ថាន Afghanistan	0
អាល់បានី Albania	59	59
អាល់ហ្សេរី Algeria	10	10
អង់ហ្គោឡា Angola	1	1
អង់ទីក្វា និងបាប៊ូដា Antigua and Barbuda	99	99
អាហ្សង់ទីន Argentina	78	78	0	3
អាមេនី Armenia	130	43	87
អូស្ត្រាលី Australia	1	1	0	36+9+27
អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់ Azerbaijan	13	11	2
បាហាម៉ា Bahamas	120	120
បារ៉ែន Bahrain	42	5	37
បង់ក្លាដែស Bangladesh	174+	25	All-20		Limited VOA locations.
បាបាដ Barbados	106	106
បេឡារុស Belarus	17	17
បេលីស Belize	96	96
បេណាំង Benin	26	26
ភូតាន Bhutan	3	3
បូលីវី Bolivia	174+	50	124+
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina	67	67
បុតស្វាណា Botswana	96	96
ប្រេស៊ីល Brazil	74	74
ប្រ៊ុយណេ Brunei	57	51	6
បួគីណាហ្វាសូ Burkina Faso	61	16	45
ប៊ូរុនឌី Burundi	194+	4	All		Limited VOA locations.
កម្ពុជា Cambodia	184+	8	All-10
កាមេរូន Cameroon	5	5
កាណាដា Canada	51	51
កាប់វែរ Cape Verde	194+	19	All
អាហ្វ្រិកកណ្ដាល Central African Republic	13	13
ឆាដ Chad	13	11	2
ឈីលី Chile	88	83	5
ចិន China	6	6
កូឡុំប៊ី Colombia	91	91
កូម័រ Comoros	194+	0	All
កុងហ្គោ Republic of the Congo	12	0	12
ស.ប្រ កុងហ្គោ Democratic Republic of the Congo	6	3	3
កូស្តារីកា Costa Rica	88	88
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Cote d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire	20	20
គុយបា Cuba	16	16
ជីប៊ូទី Djibouti	194+	0	All
ដូមីនិក Dominica	192+	All-2
សាធារណរដ្ឋដូមីនិក Dominican Republic	74	8	66
អេក្វាឌ័រ Ecuador	185+	All-9
អេហ្ស៊ីប Egypt	N/A	N/A	N/A
អែលសាល់វ៉ាឌ័រ El Salvador	86	86
គីនេអេក្វាទ័រ Equatorial Guinea	1	1
អេរីត្រេ Eritrea	3	2	1
អេត្យូពី Ethiopia	39	2	37		Limited VOA locations.
ហ្វីជី Fiji	106	106
កាបុង Gabon	1	1
កំប៊ី Gambia	125	125
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Georgia Georgia	102	102
កាណា Ghana	24	18	6
ក្រឺណាត Grenada	N/A	N/A	N/A
ក្វាតេម៉ាឡា Guatemala	84	84
គីនេ Guinea	21	21
គីនេ-ប៊ីសាវ Guinea-Bissau	194+	14	180+
គុយយ៉ាន Guyana	45	45
ហៃទី Haiti	191+	All-2
ហុងឌូរ៉ាស Honduras	84	84
ឥណ្ឌា India	13	2	11		Limited VOA locations.
ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី Indonesia	77	15	62		Limited VOA locations.
អ៊ីរ៉ង់ Iran	179	7	172
អ៊ីរ៉ាក់ Iraq	0
អៀរឡង់ Ireland	89	58			+31 EU/EEA/CH citizens.
អ៊ីស្រាអែល Israel	92	92
ហ្សាម៉ាអ៊ីក Jamaica	115
ជប៉ុន Japan	67	67
ហ្សកដានី Jordan	134+	12	122+		Limited VOA locations.
កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន Kazakhstan	14	14
កេនយ៉ា Kenya	178+	43	All-16
គិរីបាទី Kiribati	67	67
កូរ៉េខាងជើង North Korea	2	2
កូរ៉េខាងត្បូង South Korea	113	113
គុយវ៉ែត Kuwait	57	5	52
កៀគីស្ថាន Kyrgyzstan	81	61	20
ឡាវ Laos	175+	11	All-30
លីបង់ Lebanon	87	9	78
ឡឺសូតូ Lesotho	49	49
លីបេរីយ៉ា Liberia	16	16
លីប៊ី Libya	3	3
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Macedonia Macedonia	80	80
ម៉ាដាហ្កាស្ការ Madagascar	194+	0	All
ម៉ាឡាវី Malawi	71	71
ម៉ាឡេស៊ី Malaysia	156	156
ម៉ាល់ឌីវ Maldives	194+	0	All
ម៉ាលី Mali	191+	20	All-3
ប្រជុំកោះម៉ាសាល់ Marshall Islands	49	3	46
ម៉ូរីតានី Mauritania	11	11
ម៉ូរីស Mauritius	177	111	66
ម៉ិកស៊ិក Mexico	65	65
Micronesia Micronesia	194+	194+
ម៉ុលដាវី Moldova	49	49
ម៉ុងហ្គោលី Mongolia	21	21
ម៉ុងតេណេហ្គ្រោ Montenegro	74	74
ម៉ារ៉ុក Morocco	65	65
ម៉ូសំប៊ិក Mozambique	194+	8	All		Limited VOA locations.
មីយ៉ាន់ម៉ា Myanmar	3	3
ណាមីប៊ី Namibia	52	52
ណូរូ Nauru	5	5
នេប៉ាល់ Nepal	184+	1	183+		Limited VOA locations.
នូវែលសេឡង់ New Zealand	59	59
នីការ៉ាក្វា Nicaragua	167	94	73
នីហ្សេ Niger	19	19
នីហ្សេរីយ៉ា Nigeria	19	19
អូម៉ង់ Oman	70	5	65
ប៉ាគីស្ថាន Pakistan	7	7
ប៉ាឡូ Palau	194+	0	All
ប៉ាណាម៉ា Panama	111	111
ប៉ាពួនូវែលគីនេ Papua New Guinea	56	0	56
ប៉ារ៉ាគ្វេ Paraguay	62	56	6
ប៉េរូ Peru	95	95
ហ្វីលីពីន Philippines	153	153
កាតា Qatar	42	5	37		Limited VOA locations.
រុស្ស៊ី Russia	32	32
រ្វ៉ាន់ដា Rwanda	13	13
សាំងគីត និងណឺវីស Saint Kitts and Nevis	101	101
សាំងលូស៊ី Saint Lucia	147	93	54
សាំងវ៉ាំងសង់ និងក្រេណាឌីន Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	186+	0	All-8
សាម័រ Samoa	194+	0	All
សាវតូមេ និងប្រាំងស៊ីប São Tomé and Príncipe	0	0	0	194+
អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត Saudi Arabia	5	5
សហភាពអឺរ៉ុប Schengen area	73	41			32 EU/EEA/CH citizens.
សេណេហ្កាល់ Senegal	43	16	27
ស៊ែប៊ី Serbia	65	65
សេសែល Seychelles	194+	0	All
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Sierra Leone Sierra Leone	15	15
សិង្ហបុរី Singapore	161+	161+
សូឡូម៉ុង Solomon Islands	78	0	78
សូម៉ាលី Somalia	1	0	1
អាហ្វ្រិកខាងត្បូង South Africa	76	76
ស៊ូដង់ខាងត្បូង South Sudan	4	0	4
ស្រីលង្កា Sri Lanka	3	3	0	191+
ស៊ូដង់ Sudan	6	2	4
ស៊ូរីណាម Suriname	57	20	37
អេស្វាទីនី Swaziland	95	95
ស៊ីរី Syria	30	16	14
តាជីគីស្ថាន Tajikistan	88	9	79
តង់ហ្សានី Tanzania	170+	5	All-24
Thailand Thailand	76	55	21
ទីម័រខាងកើត Timor-Leste	194+	1	All		Limited VOA locations.
តូហ្គោ Togo	194+	14	180+
តុងកា Tonga	64	0	64
ទ្រីនីតេ និងតូបាហ្គោ Trinidad and Tobago	104	101	3
ទុយនីស៊ី Tunisia	74	74			+16 for organized groups.
តួកគី Turkey	119	77	42	40+54
តួកមេនីស្ថាន Turkmenistan	0
ទូវ៉ាលូ Tuvalu	194+	0	All
អ៊ូកង់ដា Uganda	194+	33	161+
អ៊ុយក្រែន Ukraine	62	62
អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម United Arab Emirates	38	5	33
សហរាជាណាចក្រ United Kingdom	89	58			+31 EU/EEA/CH citizens.
សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក United States	4	4	0	37
អ៊ូរុយគ្វេ Uruguay	71	71
អ៊ូសបេគីស្ថាន Uzbekistan	9	9
វ៉ានូអាទូ Vanuatu	100	100
វេណេស៊ុយអេឡា Venezuela	71	71
វៀតណាម Vietnam	15	15
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Yemen Yemen	12	12
សំប៊ី Zambia	133	41	92
ស៊ីមបាវេ Zimbabwe	100	41	59